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Hayli Gubbi Volcano | John Seach
(Hayli Gub)
Erta Ale Range, Ethiopia
13.50 N, 40.72 E
summit elevation 521 m
Shield volcano
Hayli Gubbi is the equal southernmost volcano in the Erta Ale Range. It is located on the median axis of the chain. The southern part of Erta Ale Range is marked by a fissural activity, without development of central volcanoes.
Hayli Gubbi ancient volcano was partly destroyed by recent tectonic events. Views of the ancestral shield volcano are visible only in the south. The northern part of the old shield volcano is not visible, the whole area being now covered by recent flows erupted from central fissures.
Recent spatter cones are aligned along open fissures South of Hayli Gubbi. North of the crater, a small dome and short viscous lava flows overlie the basaltic lavas produced by the fissure activity.
A 200 m wide crater shows fumarolic activity.
Hayli Gubbi shield volcano shows a great variety of rock types, ranging from basalts, which form some flows in the walls of the old crater, to dark trachytes constituting some terminal flows of the volcano, as well as several recent flows outpoured from the fissures located to the N of the present crater. These flows extend for some km, mainly towards the East.
Hayli Gubbi volcano summit crater
2025 Eruption
An explosive eruption occurred at Hayli Gubbi volcano on 23 November 2025.
Ash emissions reached an altitude of 45,000 ft.
Volcanic Emission Trajectory Overview
The SO2-rich plume from the Hayli Gubbi volcano eruption in Ethiopia on November 23, 2025, has been carried eastward by upper-level winds, including the subtropical jet stream, at altitudes of 7–14 km (upper troposphere to lower stratosphere).
As of November 27, 2025, the plume—estimated at around 220,000 tons of SO2—has reached eastern Asia (including parts of China) and is continuing over the Pacific Ocean, with fine particles lingering for several more days.
Earlier, it passed over Yemen, Oman, Pakistan, northern India (causing flight disruptions in Delhi and Gujarat), and Nepal's Himalayan regions.
Further reading
Goitom, B., Kendall, J., Hammond, J.O., Ogubazghi, G., Keir, D. and Illsley-Kemp, F., 2018. Characteristics of Eritrean Seismicity in 2011-2012: Implications for Rifting Dynamics. EGUGA, p.15324.
Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruptions
2025