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Haleakala Volcano | John Seach
Maui, Hawaii
20.708 N, 156.25 W
summit elevation 3055 m
Shield volcano
Haleakala is the easternmost of two shield volcanoes forming the island of Maui. Haleakala is the third largest of the Hawaiian shield volcanoes. The volcano has only erupted once in historical times.
Haleakala volcano is in a postshield stage of evolution. It is nearly 200 km from the hot spot, has been active for two million years. Future eruptions of the volcano will represent the waning efforts of a postshield-stage volcano instead of a rejuvenated volcano.
1790 Eruption
In 1790, lava erupted from two vents on the southwest rift zone of Haleakala volcano. Lava flows reached the sea at Makena. The first lava flow started at an altitude of 465 m, and the second from 170 m altitude.
A map made by explorer La Perouse in 1786 didn't show a lava delta, while a map made by Vancouver in 1793 shows a peninsula between Puu Olai and Cape Hanamanioa, caused by the eruption.
Further reading
Moore, L.R., Gazel, E. and Bodnar, R.J., 2020. The volatile budget of Hawaiian magmatism: Constraints from melt inclusions from Haleakala volcano, Hawaii. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, p.107144.
Chen, C.Y., Frey, F.A. and Garcia, M.O., 1990. Evolution of alkalic lavas at Haleakala Volcano, east Maui, Hawaii. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 105(2), pp.197-218.
MacDonald, G.A. and Powers, H.A., 1946. Contribution to the petrography of Haleakala volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 57(1), pp.115-124.
Haleakala Volcano Eruptions
1790