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Mt Etna Volcano | John Seach
Sicily, Italy
37.73 N, 15.00 E,
summit elevation 3350 m
Shield volcano
Mt Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe. It has an elliptical base (38 x 47 km) and a maximum elevation of about 3350 m. The volcano dominates the landscape of NE Sicily, Italy. The first eruptions at Etna occurred 500,000 years ago.
Mt Etna has the longest period of documented eruptions in the world. Etna is noted for the wide variety of eruption styles. The volcano is at its most spectacular when when both summit and flank eruptions occur simultaneously.
Mt Etna volcano photos by John Seach
John Seach at summit of Mt Etna. 800 m high lava fountain
John Seach at Mt Etna volcano, fimed for Discovery Channel documentary 2000
Mt Etna gas rings 2000
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Paroxysm, SE crater 2000
Bocca Nuova eruptions 1999
Sapienza, Etna
Mt Etna
The structure of Mt Etna consists of a series of nested stratovolcanoes, characterised by summit calderas, the most important one being the Ellittico Caldera, which formed about 14,000-15,000 years ago.
Historically Mt Etna has produced effusive activity; however several pyroclastic deposits related to Plinian eruptions have been identified in the Holocene sequence. Under open vent conditions, ash emission only occurs during flank eruptions of Mt Etna volcano.
Structural and seismic data indicate that the regional deformation in the Etnean
area is generally dominated by N-S compression as the result of subduction of the African tectonic plate under the Eurasian plate.
Further reading
Bonaccorso, A., Calvari, S., Coltelli, M., Del Negro, C. and Falsaperla, S., 2004. Mt. Etna: volcano laboratory. Washington DC American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, 143.
Branca, S. and Del Carlo, P., 2004. Eruptions of Mt Etna during the past 3.200 years: a revised compilation integrating the Historical and stratigraphic records. In Mt. Etna: volcano laboratory. AGU.